လꨯꨤးꨬꨀꨳလိတ္ꨳပꨓ္ꨟဳ ꨘ

မ္ꨮꨲသုင္ꨁꨣꨳ မိူိဝ္ꨳꨓꨯꨵꨁꨣꨳꨟဝ္းေတလꨤတ္ꨳꨬꨓ လꨤꨯးꨬꨀꨳလိတ္းပꨓ္ꨟꨣ ꨘ တီꨳꨓ္ꨮး Photoshop, InDesign, Illustrator, Corel Draw ꨁꨣꨳေꨡꨣꨳ။ ယြြꨓ္ꨳပိူဝ္ꨳဝꨣꨳ ေပꨣးꨟဝ္းေပꨣꨳလိꨀ္ꨳꨓꨯ မꨓ္းꨀꨯꨳꨀꨯꨳမီးပꨓ္ꨟꨣꨁꨣꨳေꨡꨣꨳ။ ꨁꨰပ္ꨳꨟꨤင္ꨳမꨓ္းေတꨵ ေတꨬꨓဝꨯꨳꨓ္ꨮး Photoshop ꨀူꨉ္းယဝ္ꨵꨁꨣꨳ။

တြꨓ္ꨳတꨣꨲ Photoshop

꨼ꨵ ꨀꨮꨣꨲꨓꨱꨀ္းတီꨳ Edit
꨽ꨵ လိူꨀ္ꨳပꨓ္ Preference
꨾ꨵ သိုပ္ꨲလိူူꨀ္ꨳပꨓ္ Type
꨿ꨵ ေပꨣးယဝ္ꨵꨁုိꨓ္းꨀꨮꨣꨲ Uncheck Use Smart Quotes

တြꨓ္ꨳတꨣꨲ Indesign

꨼ꨵ ꨀꨮꨣꨲꨓꨱꨀ္းတီꨳ Edit
꨽ꨵ လိူꨀ္ꨳပꨓ္ Preference
꨾ꨵ သိုပ္ꨲလိူꨀ္ꨳပꨓ္ Type
꨿ꨵ ေပꨣးယဝ္ꨵꨁိုꨓ္းꨀꨮꨣꨲ Uncheck Use Typographer’s Quotes

တြꨓ္ꨳတꨣꨲ Illustrator

꨼ꨵ ꨀꨮꨣꨲꨓꨱꨀ္းတီꨳ File
꨽ꨵ လိူꨀ္ꨳပꨓ္ Document Setup
꨾ꨵ သိုပ္ꨲလိူꨀ္ꨳပꨓ္ Type
꨿ꨵ ေပꨣးယဝ္ꨵꨁိုꨓ္းꨀꨮꨣꨲ Uncheck Use Typographer’s Qutes

တြꨓ္ꨳတꨣꨲ Corel Draw

꨼ꨵ ꨀꨮꨣꨲꨓꨱꨀ္းတီꨳ Tool
꨽ꨵ လိူꨀ္ꨳပꨓ္ Options
꨾ꨵ ယဝ္ꨵꨀꨮꨣꨲတီꨳ Text
꨿ꨵ ꨀꨮꨣꨲတီꨳ Quick Correct
ꩀꨵ ေပꨣးယဝ္ꨵꨁိုꨓ္းꨀꨮꨣꨲ Uncheck Change Straight quotes to typographic quotes မꨓ္းေတမီးတီꨳꨓိူဝ္ ꨕꨤꨯꨲꨁꨮꨣꨲ၊ ထꨰဝ္မꨤꨯသြင္ꨁꨣꨳေꨡꨣꨳ။

တြꨓ္ꨳတꨣꨲ Microsoft Word

꨼ꨵ ꨀꨮဳꨲꨓꨱꨀ္းတီꨳ တုမ္ꨲMicrosoft     
꨽ꨵ ꨀꨮဳꨲလူိꨀ္ꨳꨓꨱꨀ္း Wod Option
꨾ꨵ သုိပ္ꨲꨀꨮဳꨲတီꨳ Proofing > ယဝ္ꨵေꨀဳꨳ ꨀꨮဳꨲတီꨳတုမ္ꨲ Auto Correct Options
꨿ꨵ ꨀꨮဳꨲလူိꨀ္ꨳꨓꨱꨀ္းသ္ꨮꨲတီꨳ AutoFormat As You Type
ꩀꨵ ယဝ္ꨵေꨀဳꨳꨀꨮဳꨲꨁိတ္ꨲမꨯꨵထတ္းတီꨳ “Straight quotes” with “smart quotes” ꨓꨓ္ꨵ ꨡြꨀ္ꨲပꨰတ္ꨳ
ꩁꨵ ဝꨯꨤးေသꨓꨓ္ꨵေꨀဳꨳ ꨀꨮဳꨲꨓꨱꨀ္း OK ꨀူꨉ္းေꨀဳꨳ လꨯꨳယဝ္ꨵေꨡဳꨳ ။

ꨓꨣꨳꨀꨤꨓ္ꨡꨓ္လူဝ္ꨲꨟꨱတ္းꨀူꨳဝꨓ္း꨸ꨓ္ꨮးတိူꨀ္ꨳသြꨓ္ထမ္း

ꨁပ္ꨵ            ꨁꨤဝ္းယꨤမ္း                                                                ꨓꨣꨳꨀꨤꨓ္

꨼ꨵ              ꨀꨤင္ꨓ္ꨮ    ꨿  မြင္း                                                       လုꨀ္ꨵသုꨀ္ꨳꨓꨣꨳ၊ တူပ္ꨵꨕꨣꨳ၊

꨽ꨵ              ꨀꨤင္ꨓ္ꨮ    ꨿  း꨾꨻မြင္း                                                ဝꨯꨳၾꨕꨣး၊တꨤင္ꨲသြမ္း၊သူင္ꨲမꨱတ္ꨵတꨣꨲ၊  

꨾ꨵ               ꨀꨤင္ꨓ္ꨮ   ꩀ  း꨼ꩀမြင္း                                                    သုင္းသြမ္းꨓ္ꨮꨡရုင္ꨲ၊

꨿ꨵ                ꨀꨤင္ꨓ္ꨮ   ꩁ  း꨻꨻မြင္း                                                    ꨟꨱတ္းꨀꨤꨓ္လြင္ꨳမူတ္းသ္ꨮ၊

ꩀꨵ                ꨀꨤင္ꨓ္ꨮ   ꩂ  း꨻꨻မြင္း                                                    ꨁိိုꨓ္ꨳလိꨀ္ꨳ၊ ꨡꨤꨓ္ꨲလိꨀ္ꨳ၊

ꩁꨵ                ꨀꨤင္ꨓ္ꨮ   ꩃ  း꨻꨻မြင္း                                                    ꨀꨮꨣꨲတုင္းသြမ္း၊ ꨡဝ္ꨀ်ꨤင္ꨵသြမ္း၊

ꩂꨵ                ꨀꨤင္ꨓ္ꨮ   ꩄ  း꨻꨻မြင္း                                                    ꨁိုꨓ္ꨳလိꨀ္ꨳ၊ ꨡꨤꨓ္ꨲလိꨀ္ꨳ၊

ꩃꨵ                 ꨀꨤင္ဝꨓ္း ꨼꨻ း꨻꨻မြင္း                                                  တင္ꨲသြမ္းၾꨕꨣး၊

ꩄꨵ                 ꨀꨤင္ဝꨓ္း  ꨼꨼ း꨻꨻မြင္း                                                 သုင္းသြမ္းဝꨓ္း၊

꨼꨻ꨵ                ꨀꨤင္ဝꨓ္း  ꨼꨽ း꨻꨻မြင္း                                                 လိုဝ္ꨳ၊ ꨓြꨓ္းဝꨓ္း၊

꨼꨼ꨵ               ꨀꨤင္ဝꨓ္း   ꨼ း꨻꨻မြင္း                                                    ꨡꨤꨓ္ꨲလိꨀ္ꨳ၊ ꨁိုꨓ္ꨳလိꨀ္ꨳ၊

꨼꨽ꨵ              တꨤမ္းꨁမ္ꨳ  ꨿ း꨻꨻မြင္း                                                     ꨡꨤပ္ꨲꨓမ္ꨵ၊ ꨀꨮꨣꨲသူင္ꨲꨀ်ꨤင္ꨵ၊

꨼꨾ꨵ               တꨤမ္းꨁမ္ꨳ  ꩁ း꨻꨻မြင္း                                                    ဝꨯꨳၾꨕꨣး၊ သူင္ꨲမꨱတ္ꨵတꨣꨲ၊ ထြမ္ꨲေꨁꨣꨳသင္ꨲသြꨓ္ ေꨡꨣးဝꨣꨲတ၊

꨼꨿ꨵ               ꨀꨤင္ꨁမ္ꨳ  ꩂ း꨻꨻မြင္း                                                      ꨁိုꨓ္ꨳꨡꨤꨓ္ꨲလိꨀ္ꨳ၊ ꨁူꨓ္ꨵꨁꨯꨳလိꨀ္ꨳ၊

꨼ꩀꨵ               ꨀꨤင္ꨁမ္ꨳ  ꩄ း꨻꨻မြင္း                                                      ꨓြꨓ္း။

မꨯꨤတြင္း-ꨁꨤဝ္းလ္ꨮꨁꨤဝ္းꨓꨓ္ꨵ လူဝ္ꨲꨟꨱတ္းꨅြမ္းယဝ္ꨵ ေပꨣးꨟꨱတ္းꨅြမ္းလြꨀ္းꨓꨣꨳꨀꨤꨓ္ ꨅိူဝ္းꨓꨯꨵ တိုꨓ္းꨡမ္ꨲမီးပꨓ္ꨟꨣသင္ေသေတꨁိုꨓ္ꨳယ္ꨮꨲမ္ꨮꨲသုင္ꨡမ္ꨲꨟꨤင္ꨵယဝ္ꨵ꨷။

          

သိူꨀ္ꨳပိုꨓ္းꨅဝ္ꨳသိူဝ္ꨁꨓ္ꨲꨘꨣꨵ

 မꨓ္းꨅဝ္ꨳ ပꨱꨓ္လုꨀ္ꨳꨅꨤꨯး ꨅဝ္ꨳလူင္မꨱဝ္ꨵပူင္ꨲ ꨬလꨳ ꨓꨤင္းဝꨤင္း ꨬꨅꨳေသ ꨀိူတ္ꨲမူိဝ္ꨳ AD 1290၊ ꨁဝ္ပီꨳꨓြင္ꨵ ပꨱꨓ္လုꨀ္ꨳꨕꨣꨬꨕ သꨤမ္ေꨀꨣꨵ (꨼) ꨁုꨓ္ꨡꨤꨯꨳငမ္းမူိင္း (꨽) ꨁုꨓ္ယီꨳꨁꨤင္ꨁမ္း (꨾) ꨁုꨓ္သꨤမ္လူင္ꨘꨣꨵ ꨓꨯေသ ပီꨳꨡꨤꨯꨳလူင္ သꨱင္ꨳꨀꨮꨣꨲ မူိဝ္ꨳꨡꨣꨲယူꨵသြင္ꨁူပ္ꨲ။ မူိဝ္ꨳတုိꨀ္ꨵꨀꨮꨣꨲꨟꨱတ္းꨟꨯꨳယူꨲꨓꨓ္ꨵ သူိဝ္လူင္တူဝ္ꨓုိင္ꨳ မꨣးꨁူပ္းယꨤꨯးꨬလꨳ ꨁုꨓ္ယီꨳꨁꨤင္ꨁမ္း ꨀꨰတ္ꨲꨬꨁတူဝ္ ꨕꨓ္းꨁုိꨓ္းသူိဝ္ သူိဝ္လꨯꨳပꨤꨯꨳꨀꨮꨣꨲေသတꨣꨵ ꨀြင္းလင္ꨅဝ္ꨳ မီးꨟြꨯးသူိဝ္ꨁꨤꨓ္ꨲဝꨯꨵꨬလꨳ ထုိင္တီꨳပꨱꨓ္ꨁုꨓ္မꨣးေꨀꨣꨳ ꨅင္ꨲꨟိꨀ္ꨳꨅုိဝ္ꨳဝꨣꨳ သူိဝ္ꨁꨤꨓ္ꨲꨘꨣꨵꨓꨯယဝ္ꨵ။ ꨅဝ္ꨳꨁုိꨓ္ꨳပꨱꨓ္ꨁုꨓ္မူိင္းမꨤဝ္း မူိဝ္ꨳ AD 1311ေသ ပူꨀ္းပြင္သေရꨲꨡူမုꨓ္ꨁူိဝ္းတꨯးယဝ္ꨵ။ မꨓ္းꨅဝ္ꨳ ꨁ္ꨮꨳꨟꨮ္ꨳမူိင္းတꨯးꨟဝ္း ပꨱꨓ္မူိင္းꨡꨱꨓ္ꨟꨰင္းယ္ꨮꨲ မꨓ္ꨳꨀုိမ္းꨬလꨳ ꨓင္ꨲꨟုိဝ္ ေတမီးလြင္ꨳꨟူမ္ꨳꨟြမ္းꨀꨓ္ꨓꨓ္ꨵ မꨓ္းꨅဝ္ꨳ ꨕိတ္ꨳမြꨀ္ꨲ ꨅဝ္ꨳꨡꨤဝ္၊ ꨅဝ္ꨳꨓꨣꨵꨀူꨳမူိင္းမူိင္း ꨟꨮ္ꨳꨟူမ္ꨳꨟြမ္းꨀꨓ္ ဝꨣꨳꨓꨯေသတꨣꨵ ꨅဝ္ꨳပꨤꨓ္းꨓꨯြꨵ(ဝꨱင္းꨓꨓ္ꨳ) ꨬလꨳ ꨅဝ္ꨳတꨤဝ္ꨵꨓꨯြꨵꨬꨁꨲ (သꨰꨓ္ꨬꨅꨳ) ꨟꨓ္ꨕိတ္း ꨡမ္ꨲꨕြမ္ꨳꨅြမ္းꨬလꨳ AD 1314 ꨅဝ္ꨳသူိဝ္ꨁꨤꨓ္ꨲꨘꨣꨵ ꨡမ္ꨲꨁ္ꨮꨳတုိꨀ္းေꨀꨣꨳ လꨯꨳတုိꨀ္းꨡဝ္ သြင္မူိင္းꨓꨓ္ꨵ ꨁြꨓ္ꨳထꨰမ္ꨟꨰင္း မူိင္းမꨤဝ္းလူင္ယဝ္ꨵ။ AD 1315 ꨡဝ္မူိင္းမိတ္ꨳ မꨣးꨟြမ္းမူိင္းမꨤဝ္းယဝ္ꨵ။ AD 1316 ꨬမးဝꨤꨓ္ꨳမူိင္းထုိင္ မူိင္းမိတ္ꨳ၊ လြꨀ္းꨅြꨀ္ꨵ၊ မူိင္းꨓြင္(ယြင္ꨟူꨉ္ꨳ)၊ မူိင္းꨓꨤꨯး၊ မူိင္းပꨤꨯး၊ ꨀꨱင္းမꨯꨲ၊ ꨀꨱင္းꨟုင္ꨳ၊ ꨀꨱင္းတုင္၊ ꨀုိင္မꨣꨵ၊ မူိင္းတိင္၊ မူိင္းꨀꨣꨵေသ ꨟြတ္ꨳထုိင္ꨁုိꨓ္း သꨰꨓ္ꨬꨅꨳ။ AD 1317 တင္းꨟူဝ္သုိꨀ္း ꨅဝ္ꨳသꨤမ္လူင္ ꨡိꨀ္ꨲလူꨉ္ꨳ ꨟꨰင္းသုိꨀ္းမူိင္းတꨯးꨀူꨳတီꨳတီꨳ (400000) ေသ ꨁုိꨓ္းꨀꨮꨣꨲတုိꨀ္းꨡဝ္ꨁုိꨓ္း မူိင္းꨀဝ္ꨲꨬꨀꨲတꨯး ꨡꨓ္ꨬꨁꨲꨡဝ္ဝꨯꨵꨓꨓ္ꨵယဝ္ꨵ။ တင္းေꨁꨲ ပꨱꨓ္သုိꨀ္းꨀꨓ္ေသ သုိꨀ္းတꨯးသိမ္းꨡဝ္လꨯꨳ မူိင္းတီး (Mong Ti)၊ မူိင္းꨓꨣꨵ (Mong Na)၊ မူိင္းမ်ꨰꨓ္း (Mong Man) ꨬလꨳ ယꨮꨤꨓ္ꨲꨁ်ꨤꨓ္း (Yung Chang)ယဝ္ꨵ။ ꨅဝ္ꨳꨁုꨓ္ꨬꨁꨲ ꨡꨓ္ꨀြꨓ္းထိင္းယူꨲꨓꨓ္ꨲ ꨅင္ꨲထꨤမ္လြင္ꨳတꨤင္းမꨓ္း ꨟူꨵထုိင္ လြင္ꨳꨅဝ္ꨳသူိဝ္ꨁꨤꨓ္ꨲꨘꨣꨵ ꨁုိꨓ္းမꨣးယြꨓ္းꨡဝ္ မူိင္းပူꨲမြꨓ္ꨲꨁဝ္ မူိဝ္ꨳꨀြꨓ္ꨲꨓꨯꨬလꨳ ꨬꨁꨲꨅင္ꨲꨟꨱတ္းပꨓ္ လိꨀ္ꨳငမ္းယꨱꨓ္ေသ ꨡဝ္မူိင္းꨬသ၊ ယꨮꨤꨓ္ꨲꨁ်ꨤꨓ္း၊ ပူးꨁꨤꨓ္ꨵꨅူိဝ္းꨓꨯꨵ ပꨓ္ꨓ္ꨮးမုိဝ္း ꨅဝ္ꨳသူိဝ္ꨁꨤꨓ္ꨲꨘꨣꨵယဝ္ꨵ AD 1318 ꨅဝ္ꨳသူိဝ္ꨁꨤꨓ္ꨲꨘꨣꨵ ꨁုိꨓ္းꨟြတ္ꨳထုိင္ မူိင္းမꨤဝ္းယဝ္ꨵ။ AD 1319 ꨡြꨀ္ꨲသုိꨀ္းꨀꨮꨣꨲ ꨓꨣꨳဝꨓ္းꨡြꨀ္ꨲ ꨕꨰဝ္ထုိင္ ꨀꨱင္းတုင္၊ ꨀꨱင္းꨟုင္ꨳ၊ ꨀꨱင္းမꨯꨲ၊ မူိင္းလူင္၊ ꨕꨣသူိဝ္ꨲတြင္းေသ ꨟꨮ္ꨳꨟူမ္ꨳမုိဝ္းꨀꨓ္ တင္းꨡꨱꨓ္ꨟꨰင္းလူင္ မူိင္းမꨤဝ္းယဝ္ꨵ။ AD 1320-21 ꨅဝ္ꨳသူိဝ္ꨁꨤꨓ္ꨲꨘꨣꨵ ပꨓ္ပုꨓ္ꨳꨕြꨓ္း ꨓြင္ꨵꨅꨤꨯးမꨓ္းꨅဝ္ꨳ ꨅဝ္ꨳꨁုꨓ္သꨤမ္လူင္ ꨡြꨓ္ꨟူဝ္သုိꨀ္းမူိင္းမꨤဝ္း ꨁီꨲသုိꨀ္းသꨤမ္ငꨣးေသ မူိဝ္းꨡြင္ꨲꨬပꨵ မူိင္းေဝꨲသꨣꨲလီ၊ မူိင္းမꨓိပူူꨲရ၊ မူိင္းꨡꨣꨲသမ္ꨲယဝ္ꨵ။ ꨅဝ္ꨳꨁုꨓ္သꨤမ္လူင္ꨓꨯꨵ လြင္ꨳꨀꨤꨓ္ပꨤꨯးမူိင္း၊ လြင္ꨳꨀꨤꨓ္ပꨯꨤးꨟူꨉ္းေꨀꨣꨳ ꨀတ္ꨵꨁꨰꨓ္ꨲꨓင္ꨲꨀꨓ္။ မူိဝ္ꨳꨕြင္း ꨕꨰဝ္ꨀꨮꨣꨲေဝꨲသꨣꨲလီꨲꨓꨓ္ꨵ ꨡဝ္ပꨤꨯးꨟူꨉ္းေသ သူꨓ္းတုမ္လꨯꨳ မူိင္းေဝꨲသꨣꨲလီ တꨣꨲေတꨕြမ္ꨵꨅူး မူိင္းမꨤဝ္းလူင္ယဝ္ꨵ။ သုိꨀ္းꨡꨓ္ဝꨣꨳꨓꨯꨵ ꨡꨓ္ꨡမ္ꨲလꨯꨳတုိꨀ္းေသ ꨡြင္ꨲꨬပꨵꨓꨓ္ꨵေꨀꨣꨳ ပူိꨓ္ꨳꨟြင္ꨵဝꨣꨳ ‘‘ꨬပꨵသုိꨀ္းꨟူိဝ္ꨲꨅူမ္’’ꨓꨯယဝ္ꨵ။ ꨓꨓ္ꨵေꨀꨣꨳ ꨀူꨓ္းသုိꨀ္း ꨡမ္ꨲလꨯꨳꨟူိဝ္ꨵ ꨡမ္ꨲလꨯꨳတူိဝ္ꨵမꨤတ္ꨲသင္ေသ လꨯꨳဝꨣꨳ ꨬပꨵသုိꨀ္းꨓင္ꨲꨀဝ္ꨲ။ ꨀူꨉ္းꨀꨣꨳ ꨁုꨓ္သုိꨀ္းမꨤဝ္း မꨤင္ꨅူိဝ္း ꨡမ္ꨲပြင္ꨲꨅ္ꨮꨬလꨳ ꨅင္ꨲသူꨓ္းဝꨣꨳ ꨅဝ္ꨳꨁုꨓ္သꨤမ္လူင္ ꨁ္ꨮꨳလုꨀ္ꨵꨕုိꨓ္ꨵ ꨅဝ္ꨳသူိဝ္ꨁꨤꨓ္ꨲꨘꨣꨵꨓꨯေသ ꨀမ္းလုိꨓ္း ꨅဝ္ꨳꨁုꨓ္သꨤမ္လူင္ လꨯꨳꨓြꨓ္ꨳေꨕးꨀꨮꨣꨲ တီꨳမူိင္းယꨤင္း (မူိင္းꨀꨣယꨤင္း)ယဝ္ꨵ။

ယြꨓ္ꨵꨀꨮꨤမ္းꨁꨣꨵꨁꨤꨯ ꨟူဝ္သုိꨀ္းလူင္သြင္ေꨀꨣꨵေသ ꨅဝ္ꨳသူိဝ္ꨁꨤꨓ္ꨲꨘꨣꨵ ယုမ္ꨲꨕိတ္းꨬလꨳ ꨡဝ္တꨤင္းꨀိꨓ္ꨓ္ꨮးေꨟꨣ ꨕꨤꨀ္ꨲမꨣးပꨓ္ ꨅဝ္ꨳꨁုꨓ္ သꨤမ္လူင္ယဝ္ꨵ။ လြင္ꨳဝꨣꨳ ꨓ္ꨮးတꨤင္းꨀိꨓ္ꨓꨓ္ꨵ ပꨣးငူꨓ္ꨵမꨣးꨓꨯေꨀꨣꨳ ꨅဝ္ꨳꨁုꨓ္သꨤမ္လူင္ ꨟူꨵယူꨲ။ ꨀူꨉ္းꨀꨣꨳ သင္ꨡမ္ꨲꨀိꨓ္ꨓꨯ ေတမူိꨓ္ꨓင္ꨲ ꨡမ္ꨲထြမ္ꨲꨡဝ္ ေꨁꨣꨳပူင္ꨅဝ္ꨳꨓူိဝ္ꨟူဝ္၊ သင္ꨀိꨓ္ꨓꨯ သမ္ꨵေတ လꨯꨳတꨤꨯ၊ သင္ဝꨣꨳ ꨡမ္ꨲꨁꨤမ္ꨲတꨤꨯေသ ꨡြꨓ္သုိꨀ္းမꨓ္း ပꨤꨯꨳꨀꨮꨣꨲတꨤင္ꨲတီꨳေꨀꨣꨳ ေတꨣꨳေတလꨯꨳယူꨲ။ ꨀူꨉ္းꨀꨣꨳ ꨡꨱꨓ္ꨟꨰင္း ဝꨤꨓ္ꨳမူိင္း သမ္ꨵေတယူပ္ꨳယြမ္းꨬလꨳပူိင္ꨓုိင္ꨳ၊ ပီꨳꨡꨤꨯꨳꨬလꨳ ꨓြင္ꨵꨅꨤꨯး သမ္ꨵꨡမ္ꨲꨁ္ꨮꨳꨟꨱတ္းသုိꨀ္းေတꨣꨲꨀꨓ္ꨬလꨳ ပူိင္ꨓုိင္ꨳ ꨅဝ္ꨳꨁုꨓ္သꨤမ္လူင္ ဝူꨓ္ꨵꨀꨮꨤင္ꨳꨓင္ꨲꨓꨯေသ ဝꨯꨵꨓမ္ꨵꨅ္ꨮ ꨡမ္ꨲယꨣꨵသတ္ꨵꨅꨣꨲꨓူိဝ္ဝꨤꨓ္ꨳမူိင္း၊ ꨡမ္ꨲယꨣꨵ သတ္ꨵꨅꨣꨲ ꨓူိဝ္ꨅဝ္ꨳꨓူိဝ္ꨟူဝ္ေသ ꨁꨤမ္ꨲꨀိꨓ္ငူꨓ္ꨵ ꨓြꨓ္ꨳေꨕးꨀꨮꨣꨲယဝ္ꨵ။

AD 1362 ꨁုꨓ္ꨬꨁꨲမိင္ꨳ (Ming Dynasty) မꨣးꨀဝ္းꨓ္ꨮးꨓꨣꨳလိꨓ္မူိင္းမꨤဝ္း ꨅူိဝ္းပꨱꨓ္ လူင္ꨵသꨤꨓ္၊ မူꨲꨡꨤꨓ္၊ ပူးꨁꨤꨓ္ꨵလူင္ꨬလꨳ တင္းꨅဝ္ꨳသူိဝ္ꨁꨤꨓ္ꨲꨘꨣꨵ ပꨱꨓ္သိုꨀ္းꨀꨓ္ ꨟုိင္ထူꨓ္ꨳ သꨤမ္ပီ။ သုိꨀ္းတင္းသြင္ꨕꨤꨯꨲ လူꨵယ္ꨮꨲတꨯꨤꨓမ္ꨓင္ꨲꨀꨓ္ေသ ꨀမ္းလုိꨓ္း ꨬꨁꨲꨁဝ္ ꨡမ္ꨲတဝ္ꨵလꨯꨳ လꨯꨳꨁုိꨓ္းꨟူꨓ္လင္ꨀꨮꨣꨲယဝ္ꨵ။ AD 1363-64 ꨅဝ္ꨳသူိဝ္ꨁꨤꨓ္ꨲꨘꨣꨵ ပꨓ္ပုꨓ္ꨳꨕြꨓ္း လုꨀ္ꨳꨅꨤꨯးမꨓ္း ꨅဝ္ꨳသူိဝ္ပꨱမ္ꨲꨘꨣꨵ၊ ꨅဝ္ꨳငိူꨓ္ꨳꨁီဝ္ꨘꨣꨵ ꨀြꨓ္းꨡဝ္ တပ္ꨵသုိꨀ္းမူိင္းမꨤဝ္ꨳေသ ꨀꨮꨣꨲမူိဝ္းတုိꨀ္း မူိင္းꨬꨅꨳꨀꨰင္း (ꨅꨀꨰင္း)ယဝ္ꨵ သုိပ္ꨲꨟုပ္ꨳꨡဝ္ပꨣး မူိင္းပꨤင္ယꨣꨳ (ပိꨓ္းယꨣꨵ) ꨉြပ္းꨡဝ္ꨁုꨓ္ပꨤင္ ယꨣꨳ ꨡꨓ္ꨅုိဝ္ꨳဝꨣꨳ ꨓရသူꨲꨓꨓ္ꨵ မꨣးမူိဝ္းမꨤဝ္းꨬလꨳ ꨁုꨓ္ꨓꨓ္ꨵေꨀꨣꨳ ꨟိꨀ္ꨳꨅုိဝ္ꨳဝꨣꨳ (ေမꨣးပꨣꨲꨓရသူꨲ)ꨓꨯယဝ္ꨵ။ ꨅဝ္ꨳသူိဝ္ꨁꨤꨓ္ꨲꨘꨣꨵ ꨓြꨓ္း ေꨕးꨀꨮꨣꨲ မူိဝ္ꨳ AD 1365 ꨕြင္းꨡꨣꨲယု လꨯꨳ (74)၊ လꨯꨳꨓင္ꨳေꨟꨣ (54) ပီယဝ္ꨵ။ မꨓ္းꨅဝ္ꨳ ꨓြꨓ္းေꨕးတီꨳ ꨡြင္ꨳေꨟꨣမ္ꨮꨲ တီꨳတꨣꨳသူပ္းꨡူ ꨟိမ္းပꨤင္ꨲပုင္ꨲ မူိင္းမꨤဝ္း ꨓꨓ္ꨵယဝ္ꨵ။ ယꨤမ္းလꨱဝ္ ꨡြင္ꨳတီꨳꨓꨓ္ꨳ ꨬꨁꨲꨁဝ္ တုိꨀ္ꨵေတꨟꨱတ္း တီꨳမꨤꨯတြင္း ေꨟꨣလူင္ꨅဝ္ꨳသူိဝ္ꨁꨤꨓ္ꨲꨘꨣꨵေသ ေတပꨱꨓ္ ပုꨓ္ꨳတꨣꨲ ꨀူꨓ္းꨀူꨳတီꨳ မꨣးꨡꨰဝ္ꨲꨬလꨲ ယꨱမ္ꨳတူꨉ္းꨓꨯယဝ္ꨵ။ ပꨤꨓ္ꨅဝ္ꨳသူိဝ္ꨁꨤꨓ္ꨲꨘꨣꨵꨓꨯꨵ လꨯꨳဝꨣꨳ လူိတ္ꨳတꨯးꨟဝ္း ꨟတ္းꨟꨤꨓ္လꨰင္ငꨤꨓ္ ꨁꨱင္ꨲတꨣꨵပူိꨓ္ꨳလꨯꨳယူꨲꨬတꨵယဝ္ꨵ။

ꨀꨱပ္းꨟြမ္တြမ္တꨰမ္ꨳ  တိုꨓ္းꨟꨤꨓ္တိူꨀ္ꨳသြꨓ္ထမ္းꨀꨤင္ဝꨱင္း